Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Sotalol is a nonselective beta adrenoceptor blocker devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity that also prolongs cardiac repolarization…

…atrioventricular node (AVN), or the His Purkinje system. The underlying pathophysiology varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects…

…atherosclerotic plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds…

…ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure to pace. Figure 2. Failure to sense. Atrial pacing occurs after the intrinsic P wave…

…chamber systems offer the possibility of sensing and pacing in both the atria and ventricles. Sensing The pacemaker can record intrinsic cardiac activity and response…

…An intrinsic heart rate faster than the base rate should inhibit the pacemaker. P waves The appearance of the P wave depends on where the…

…the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before the ventricles begin contracting. To coordinate these two tasks, the heart has an intrinsic pacemaker–i.e…

…is competition between these latent pacemakers, the one with the fastest intrinsic rate of depolarization will be the pacemaker, which means that it usually is…

…has little or no reliable intrinsic rhythm may develop prolonged pauses. Pacing dependent patients therefore require protection against inhibition during the period of anticipated EMI…

…Hemodynamically, the gold standard definition of HFpEF relies on the demonstration of spontaneous or provokable elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures, defined invasively as a…