…Components of the ventricular conduction system and the temporal association between the ECG and impulse transmission through the heart. An intraventricular conduction delay may occur…

…intraventricular conduction defects without any change in their QRS appearance. Such conduction delays may be due to myocardial fibrosis, amyloidosis, cardiomyopathy or hypertrophy. Prognosis of…

…are common in myocardial ischemia and infarction. These conditions may be seen as signs of ischemia, which is why one must be familiar with them…

…of acute coronary syndromes, particularly ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ischemic injury can disrupt the conduction system at any level, producing atrioventricular (AV) or intraventricular…

…originates in the atria it will pass through the bundle of His and therefore produce a normal QRS complex (provided that intraventricular conduction is normal)…

…provided that intraventricular conduction is normal). If the P wave is visible, it is retrograde in lead II (because of the reversed direction of atrial…

…atrial fibrillation) if the block in the AV node is high grade. Causes of tachyarrhythmia with narrow QRS complexes (QRS duration < 0.12 s…

…high suspicion of intermittent infrahisian block should be maintained, particularly in older patients and those exhibiting a bundle branch block (BBB) or an intraventricular conduction…

ECG Hypertrophy and dilatation Principles of atrial and ventricular enlargement (hypertrophy and dilatation) Cardiac chamber enlargement refers to abnormally large atria or abnormally large ventricles…

…clinical relevance and it may lead to misunderstanding. Use of the term PSVT is therefore not recommended. Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular…

…These cells are capable of spontaneous depolarization (i.e they display automaticity) and can therefore act as latent pacemakers (which become active when atrial impulses…

…reduced intraventricular pressure and thereby reduced myoardial load. Pulmonary embolism causes increased right ventricular load, which results in increased oxygen demand and dilatation of the…

…across the valve (ΔP) from right intraventricular pressure. The systolic PA pressure is an indicator of cardiac hemodynamic status and may be estimated with…

…QRS is indicative of 'Ventricular pre excitation', and QRS duration ≥140 ms is considered 'Profound nonspecific intra ventricular conduction delay', both of which are not…

…life threatening clinical syndrome in which increased intrapericardial pressure compresses the heart and impairs ventricular filling. It generally results from accumulation of pericardial fluid, blood…

…fascicle. Approximately 5–10% of all individuals have a third fascicle – the median or centroseptal fascicle – which gives off Purkinje fibers to the interventricular septum…

…from the transducer; this affects the lateral resolution as explained in Figure 3. Figure 3. Axial and lateral resolution of the ultrasound image. Axial resolution…

…congestion may be important mechanisms. Diuretics relieve the hemodynamic consequences of congestion by producing a negative sodium and water balance. They can reduce jugular venous…

…interventricular septum, or mitral valve apparatus. These lesions can cause acute severe regurgitation, a left to right shunt, tamponade, or sudden loss of effective cardiac…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The QRS complex (ventricular complex): normal and abnormal configurations and intervals A complete QRS complex consists of a Q , R…

…Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) The LAD supplies the anterior two thirds of the interventricular septum (this area is referred to as anteroseptal area )…