…are elevated. Consequently, congestion may occur across the full range of left ventricular ejection fraction and may result from systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, or both…

…thrombotic debris may worsen the obstruction. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte swelling, interstitial edema, and tissue inflammation promote extravascular compression, exacerbating myocardial injury. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms In…

…Thrombotic debris may worsen microvascular obstruction, while cardiomyocyte swelling, interstitial oedema and tissue inflammation produce extravascular compression. In the most severe form, termed no reflow…

…dysfunction, and hypercoagulability [1] [2] . Mechanical stasis in AF is most pronounced in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The LAA is a highly trabeculated, windsock…

…fibrous cap measuring less than 65 micrometers in thickness. Macrophage derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the interstitial collagen of the cap, leading to structural failure…

…treatment of a neurologically compromised patient. Continuous glucose monitoring reflects interstitial glucose and lags behind the blood glucose during rapid changes. Pressure on the sensor…

…In the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), cardiogenic shock most commonly reflects severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, accounting for approximately 80% of cases…

…switch from a contractile to a synthetic state, producing abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) components, primarily interstitial collagen types I and III, elastin, and proteoglycans [6] …

…of filtered substances along the nephron as water is reabsorbed. Nephrotoxic injury may involve the tubules, interstitium, renal vasculature or collecting system. With iodinated contrast…