…cardioembolic strokes associated with AF are typically larger, present with more severe neurological deficits, and carry higher rates of mortality and long term disability compared…

…systemic venous hypertension, and peripheral interstitial edema. These abnormalities produce breathlessness, orthopnea, weight gain, peripheral edema, early satiety, abdominal distension and, in some patients, bendopnea…

…and with or without acute elevations in cardiac troponin concentrations. Based on the presenting electrocardiogram (ECG) and the presence of troponin elevation, ACS are classified…

…worsen microvascular obstruction, while cardiomyocyte swelling, interstitial oedema and tissue inflammation produce extravascular compression. In the most severe form, termed no reflow, structural and functional…

…break through the intimal layer, provoking localized thrombosis. This is predominantly observed in older patients with heavily calcified, tortuous vessels [2] . Regardless of the initiating…

…or unexpected values should be confirmed with a laboratory analysed plasma glucose when the situation allows. Glucose meters are less reliable in the hypoglycaemic range…

…coronary disease and progressive, “piece meal” necrosis extending beyond the original infarct zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in…

…chronic, progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS)…

…difficult. In patients with normal renal function, the occurrence of contrast induced AKI is negligible or very low. Risk rises substantially with chronic kidney disease…