…the recording of VTI using pulsed wave doppler in the aortic valve. Figure 2. VTI (Velocity Time Integral) is the area within the spectral curve…

…axis of the heart Although often ignored, assessment of the electrical axis is an integral part of ECG interpretation. The electrical axis reflects the average…

…heart (heart axis) Although often ignored, assessment of the electrical axis is an integral part of ECG interpretation. The electrical axis reflects the average direction…

…but an atherosclerotic plaque may prevent oxygen supply from increasing in parallel with oxygen demands. Depending on several factors– including the severity of the stenosis…

…left ventricular outflow tract; VTI = velocity time integral. According to the formula, stroke volume is the product of area and VTI in LVOT. However…

…4. Pulmonary Valve Velocity Time Integral (PV VTI) Optimal View : Short axis (SAX) view of the aortic arch, visualizing the pulmonary valve in long axis…

…The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early post infarction physical activity programmes into a structured centre of secondary cardiovascular prevention in which exercise…

…Integral), using pulsed wave Doppler, in the aortic valve. The stroke volume is the product of VTI and area of the LVOT, as illustrated in…

…to the ICU or CCU depends on the system of care and patient status. The absolute majority of patients should be managed in the ICU…

…for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), pp…

…for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), pp…

…PISA is the hemisphere itself. It appears as a semicircle in 2D images (Figure 1). The radius of PISA can be used to calculate the…

…can be fixed or dynamic, depending on the underlying etiology. Pulmonary stenosis can be valvular (i.e stenosis localized in the valve), subvalvular (stenosis proximal…