…Smoking and insulin resistance are associated with both RA and cardiovascular risk. Dyslipidaemia may be difficult to interpret during active disease: inflammatory cytokines can lower…

…Insulin resistance Abnormal adipokine signalling Endothelial dysfunction Dyslipidaemia A prothrombotic state Albuminuria and declining estimated glomerular filtration rate Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Atherosclerotic…

…metabolism Definition and Pathophysiology Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities centred on abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose…

…C alone. It is particularly informative when triglyceride rich lipoproteins are increased, as commonly occurs with obesity, diabetes, prediabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hypertriglyceridaemia…

…and apoB are secondary targets or risk refining measures, particularly in patients with: Diabetes or other cardiometabolic risk factors Obesity Insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome…

…Myocardial remodelling and fibrosis These processes form part of the broader cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome, in which adiposity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, CKD and CVD…

…unsaturated fatty acids and other bioactive compounds from nuts; and antioxidant and antithrombotic constituents from whole grains. These combined effects may improve inflammation, insulin resistance…

…Diabetes and insulin resistance Thyroid disease Kidney disease Excessive alcohol consumption Diets high in carbohydrate or fat Glucocorticoids Beta blockers Oestrogen therapy Some antiretroviral therapies…

…it can usually be continued Red flags and pitfalls Stopping basal insulin in type 1 diabetes. The single most dangerous prescribing decision on a ward…

…and magnesium. Full blood count. Plasma glucose before insulin. Creatine kinase in suspected rhabdomyolysis. Phosphate, urate and lactate dehydrogenase in suspected tumour lysis syndrome. A…