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ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…entity requiring immediate reperfusion therapy. The pathophysiology of myocardial infarction injury involves the overlapping of vulnerable plaque and thrombogenic blood, which are critical determinants for…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…other procedural intervention. The clinical importance of the finding is related to the extent of myocardium at risk. Occlusion or impaired perfusion in a vessel…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury. In classic dissection, an intimal tear permits blood…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…downstream, causing microvascular embolization (i.e occluding smaller vessels downstream). The thrombosis causes occlusion of the artery; blood flow may be partially or completely obstructed…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…by the gradual accumulation of inert cholesterol debris, modern vascular biology has redefined atherosclerosis as a dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2]…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in creatinine of at least 26…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…with acute coronary syndrome, randomized evidence has demonstrated lower rates of access site bleeding, surgical repair, and blood transfusion with radial access. Radial access has…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…seizures and temperature management. The ICU is the preferred level of care for the absolute majority. The CCU may be suitable for stable (hemodynamically and…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…or other vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the…

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