…treated initially with diuretics, whereas norepinephrine and/or inotropes are reserved for low output and hemodynamic instability. Evaluation and physical examination The objective of decongestion…

…myocardial injury , demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cTn with at least one value above the 99th percentile URL; and Clinical evidence of…

…with detectable troponin. High sensitivity assays may therefore identify a continuum of myocardial injury ranging from minor or reversible injury to extensive necrosis. Causes of…

…reperfusion injury are complementary objectives of initial STEMI management. The principal acute complications fall into two broad categories: Electrical complications , particularly ventricular arrhythmias. Mechanical or…

…failure, and heart failure have been identified as important risk factors. Severe atherosclerosis of the axillary or subclavian arteries may increase the risk of embolization…

…anatomically according to involvement of the ascending aorta: Stanford type A: involves the ascending aorta, with or without extension into the arch or descending aorta…

…myocarditis) or non cardiac conditions (such as renal failure). To establish a diagnosis of MI, acute myocardial injury must be coupled with clinical evidence of…

…energy source in all cells]). The heart consumes approximately 30 kilograms of ATP per day (Neubauer et al), which is about 100 times its weight…

…concentration of filtered substances along the nephron as water is reabsorbed. Nephrotoxic injury may involve the tubules, interstitium, renal vasculature or collecting system. With iodinated…

…as compared with 4.5% among patients without evidence of myocardial injury (normal troponin I levels). Hence, troponin I was a strong predictor of survival…