…risk factors for poor outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and…

…influence over their visitors daily lives. However, media outlets and bloggers are not necessarily experienced researchers, nor do they always take advice from experts (for…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Pharmacology & dosing Pharmacokinetic Considerations Relevant to Dosing Amiodarone exhibits highly variable and complex pharmacokinetics that profoundly influence its dosing strategies. The drug…

…functional capacity, and health related quality of life substantially influence both cardiovascular risk and the balance between treatment benefit and harm. Prevention in the very…

…method for assessing ventricular function. For better or worse, ejection fraction has become virtually synonymous with left ventricular function. An obvious drawback with the use…

[calc_mdrd] The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation for estimating the Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is: eGFR = 175 × (Scr)^ 1…

…and infarction Definition and Purpose Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary secondary prevention intervention for patients with cardiovascular disease, including those recovering from myocardial infarction…

…Gender encompasses sociocultural roles, behaviours, relationships, power structures and social expectations. Both influence the prevalence, manifestations, diagnosis, management, treatment response and outcomes of cardiovascular disease…

…the overall combinations of foods habitually consumed rather than isolated nutrients considered independently. For cardiometabolic health, the most favourable patterns generally contain more minimally processed…

…the anatomy responsible for a stenosis, define plaque morphology, identify occult lesions, and optimize percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Imaging can therefore influence several stages of…

…It does identify several clinical manifestations that indicate particularly high risk and should influence the urgency of management: Recurrent or ongoing chest pain despite medical…

…wide QRS complex (QRS duration ≥0.12 s). Refer to Figure 1 for an example. The premature ventricular impulse replaces a sinus beat and induces…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…and inotropic effects (Figure 1). What follows is a quick reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit…

…extensive prior radiofrequency ablation, advanced atrial disease, or the use of antiarrhythmic drugs. In such clinical scenarios, an atypical ECG presentation does not definitively exclude…

…least 50%. This distinction is clinically important because the strongest evidence for the four pillar disease modifying strategy applies to symptomatic HFrEF. Clinical presentation and…

…those achieved during testing. Exercise ECG has become less prominent as a primary diagnostic test for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), because coronary computed tomography…

…and the relationship between diameter stenosis and haemodynamic significance is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70…

…confirmed indication for treatment but blood pressure in the range of 120–139/70–89 mmHg, concomitant indications and overall cardiovascular risk influence whether medication…

…consideration of an infiltrative cardiomyopathy within the appropriate clinical context. Several patient related factors influence interpretation. Natriuretic peptide concentrations generally increase with age and are…

…to patients with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the documented ischaemic burden. In chronic coronary…

…moderate or near a treatment decision threshold. Failure to account for a high Lp(a) level may lead to substantial underestimation of cardiovascular risk. Conversely…

…High Obesity 35.0–39.9 II Very high Extreme obesity ≥40 III Extremely high BMI is useful for screening and population level risk estimation…

…DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR in hemorrhagic shock, a dog model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016;81:27 33…

…DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR in hemorrhagic shock, a dog model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 81:27 33 …

…followed. Moreover, for optimal management in the context of sepsis induced cardiac arrest, consider the following recommendations: Administer 100% oxygen at the maximum flow rate …

…6°C (97.7 99.7°F). It arises when heat production or acquisition surpasses the body's capacity for heat elimination. Hyperthermia can induce an inflammatory…

…by the American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). The chapter will start with basic concepts…