…arrest due to asphyxia, the probability of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is high but survival is very low, as is the proportion surviving with…

…safer than using a needle due to reduced risk of injury. Thoracostomy should be performed promptly following needle decompression. Thoracostomy with drainage typically serves as…

…even in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, though those with depressed ejection fraction should receive it with great caution due to the risk of hypotension…

…at a rate of 0.1°C/min during the cooling process. Malignant hyperthermia Malignant hyperthermia may manifest under two primary circumstances: Due to a genetic…

…mortality due to stopping statins. There are three main questions discussed in media, blogs and on social plattforms: Is high cholesterol a true cause of…

…both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary artery occlusions , which implies that there remains residual blood flow in the artery. Moreover, management of NSTEMI and…

…outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections…

…a major population attributable contribution to chronic coronary disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. More than 70% of older adults presenting with myocardial infarction…

…is also fundamental to global cardiac function. Diastolic dysfunction results in a special type of heart failure, referred to as heart failure with preserved ejection…

…when applied to healthy populations or those with acute kidney injury. Influence of Muscle Mass and Diet: Serum creatinine levels, a key component of the…

…appropriate intensity, with attention to the emergence of symptoms. Evaluation Before Rehabilitation Clinical assessment Rehabilitation begins with patient assessment and ongoing medical surveillance. The programme…

…Women with type 2 diabetes also have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications and death than men. Despite the effectiveness of preventive interventions in both…

…The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely to result from the cumulative influence of multiple modest dietary changes. Mediterranean type diets provide polyphenols from extra virgin…

…from approximately 20 to 60 MHz. Their principal advantage is tissue penetration, generally allowing assessment several millimetres beyond the lumen and visualization of the external…

…high risk and should influence the urgency of management: Recurrent or ongoing chest pain despite medical treatment Acute heart failure presumed to result from ongoing…

…more time to fill the ventricles with blood (increased ventricular filling). The person with premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the stronger…

…Circulating monocytes bind to the upregulated adhesion molecules, transmigrate into the intima via diapedesis, and differentiate into tissue macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony…

…and haemodynamic monitoring with ECG, a central venous catheter and an arterial line is necessary to achieve an optimal result. Overview of vasopressors and inotropes…

…conduction. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Patients with atrial flutter typically present with symptoms related to high ventricular rates and the loss of the atrial kick…

…may influence treatment selection and tolerability. Whether the patient has persistent or progressive disease suggestive of an advanced phenotype. Particular attention should be paid to…

…syndrome Exercise ECG may be used in selected patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome when the result is expected to influence diagnostic strategy or management…

…the combined influence of epicardial stenosis, resting flow and microvascular vasodilator capacity. The two measures may therefore be discordant. A reduced FFR with preserved CFR…

…individualized selection strategy. When to Initiate Pharmacological Treatment Lifestyle intervention is an essential component of care. In adults with elevated blood pressure, nonpharmacological management should…

…prompt consideration of an infiltrative cardiomyopathy within the appropriate clinical context. Several patient related factors influence interpretation. Natriuretic peptide concentrations generally increase with age and…

…revascularisation recommendations are not restricted to patients with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the documented…

…in the number of kringle IV type 2 repeats. Lp(a) concentration is predominantly genetically determined, with heritability estimated at approximately 85% to more than…

…the distribution of adipose tissue materially influence prognosis. Obesity and heart failure Obesity increases the risk of HF and is common among patients with established…

…of blood cultures to identify potential pathogens and guide antimicrobial therapy. Administer broad spectrum antibiotics in accordance with local clinical guidelines, ensuring timely initiation to…