…0.4 0.8 2.1 Table 1. Survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest due to external causes ( Kitamura et al). References DeBehnke DJ…

…using a needle due to reduced risk of injury. Thoracostomy should be performed promptly following needle decompression. Thoracostomy with drainage typically serves as a stabilizing…

…patients with left ventricular dysfunction, though those with depressed ejection fraction should receive it with great caution due to the risk of hypotension. Peripheral IV

…at a rate of 0.1°C/min during the cooling process. Malignant hyperthermia Malignant hyperthermia may manifest under two primary circumstances: Due to a genetic…

…That study spread like a virus through social media and it is likely that it may have resulted in increased mortality due to stopping statins…

…been discussed previously (refer to Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes, and Ischemia and the ST Segment and ST segment depressions), a rehearsal of ECG characteristics…

…disease 2019 (COVID 19) has caused a global public health crisis. It is believed that the virus was transmitted from bats to humans in Wuhan…

…age, isolated systolic hypertension accounts for more than 90% of prevalent hypertension. Hypertension has a major population attributable contribution to chronic coronary disease, cerebrovascular disease…

…influence cardiac function primarily by affecting ventricular function, include blood pressure, venous return, pulmonary gas exchange efficiency, the concentration of catecholamines, angiotensin, hemoglobin, etc. A…

…accuracy when applied to healthy populations or those with acute kidney injury. Influence of Muscle Mass and Diet: Serum creatinine levels, a key component of…

…is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary secondary prevention intervention for patients with cardiovascular disease, including those recovering from myocardial infarction. It extends beyond exercise training to incorporate…

…deaths is attributed to CVD. The cardiovascular burden in women includes coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke; the lifetime risk for a 40 year…

…products and sweets. An umbrella review incorporating observational studies and randomized trials reported associations between greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet and lower risks of

…ability to characterize the anatomy responsible for a stenosis, define plaque morphology, identify occult lesions, and optimize percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Imaging can therefore influence…

…high risk and should influence the urgency of management: Recurrent or ongoing chest pain despite medical treatment Acute heart failure presumed to result from ongoing…

…referred to as premature ventricular beats , premature ventricular contractions or just ventricular beats/contractions/complexes . These terms will be used interchangeably in this discussion. A…

…a potent chemoattractant. Circulating monocytes bind to the upregulated adhesion molecules, transmigrate into the intima via diapedesis, and differentiate into tissue macrophages under the influence…

…receptors): activation of D1 and D2 in the kidneys and the splanchnic vascular bed leads to renal and mesenteric vasodilatation. Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine…

…conduction is consistently located in the posterolateral to posteromedial inferior region of the right atrium. This circuit also relies on a central area of block…

…may influence treatment selection and tolerability. Whether the patient has persistent or progressive disease suggestive of an advanced phenotype. Particular attention should be paid to…

…syndrome Exercise ECG may be used in selected patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome when the result is expected to influence diagnostic strategy or management…

…proportional to maximum achievable myocardial perfusion. A pressure reduction across an epicardial stenosis therefore identifies a limitation in potential hyperaemic flow. FFR is consequently a…

…heterogeneous, and some patients may benefit from a more individualized selection strategy. When to Initiate Pharmacological Treatment Lifestyle intervention is an essential component of care…

…not apparent. Such a discrepancy should prompt consideration of an infiltrative cardiomyopathy within the appropriate clinical context. Several patient related factors influence interpretation. Natriuretic peptide…

…to atherosclerotic narrowing of the left main coronary artery, which supplies the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary territories. Because these vessels perfuse a…

…moderate risk or close to a treatment threshold, when risk refinement may influence management. A single measurement is generally sufficient because Lp(a) is genetically…

…particularly relevant to cardiovascular risk. Excess adipose tissue promotes: Chronic, low grade systemic inflammation Insulin resistance Abnormal adipokine signalling Endothelial dysfunction Dyslipidaemia A prothrombotic state…

…a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:e3849. Wallmuller C, Meron G, Kurkciyan I, et al. Causes of in hospital cardiac arrest and influence…