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Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…approximate. When switching between opioids, cross tolerance is incomplete: reduce the calculated equianalgesic dose by 25–50 per cent and titrate. At a high dose…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…or systemic, and treatment is inappropriate or incomplete if the mechanism is not established. Myocarditis and takotsubo syndrome can produce myocardial injury and troponin elevation…

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an acute coronary disorder caused by separation within the coronary arterial…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…intermediate lesions that do not produce physiologically significant flow limitation. The mechanisms are incompletely defined. Proposed contributors include hypercontractility or hypersensitivity of coronary vascular smooth…

Quiz: ECG in athletes

…B: Prolonged QT interval (QTc ≥ 480 ms for females) C: Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block (rSR' pattern in lead V1 and qRS pattern in V6…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…are cysts and tumors of the pericardium, as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs is made without reduction for incomplete cross tolerance. Indications Acute severe nociceptive pain…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…therapy. Anatomical and functional completeness are not synonymous. Anatomically incomplete revascularization may nevertheless be functionally complete if all lesions causing ischaemia have been treated. Conversely…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…de novo variants, incomplete penetrance and variable phenotypic expression complicate risk prediction. Familial clustering may also reflect shared environmental or behavioural factors rather than a…

Left Bundle Branch Block: ECG criteria and clinical implications

…case of incomplete LBBB [7]. In more severe forms, LBBB is associated with the following: Myocardial Infarction : LBBB can develop as a complication of myocardial…

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