…prompt treatment. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia: When all the abovementioned causes have been ruled out and the sinus tachycardia persists without any known cause, it may…

…high grade. Causes of tachyarrhythmia with narrow QRS complexes (QRS duration < 0.12 s): sinus tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, sinus node re entry, atrial…

…atrial rate (beats/min)? P waves should precede every QRS complex and the P wave should be positive in lead II. Common findings Sinus rhythm …

…and other adverse influences disturb these functions. The resulting endothelial dysfunction promotes inappropriate vasoconstriction, adhesion of circulating cells, inflammatory cell entry into the intima, and…

…a descriptive and provisional classification that should trigger further investigation. The underlying mechanism may be coronary, myocardial, or systemic, and treatment is inappropriate or incomplete…

…tachyarrhythmia and trigger inappropriate antitachycardia treatment unless detection and therapy are disabled. Conversely, asynchronous pacing may rarely result in pacing during ventricular repolarization and provoke…

…has not been shown to reduce stroke risk, and detection may lead to inappropriate anxiety and invasive procedures. Symptomatic disease Symptoms of carotid disease include…

…sinus rhythm and resting heart rate 75 beats/min, based on a retrospective subgroup analysis in which a survival benefit was observed. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia…

…prescribed therapy; Inadequate dosing; An inappropriate diuretic for kidney function; Excess dietary sodium and volume overload; Concomitant drugs or conditions that increase blood pressure; or…

ECG Pacemaker malfunction, troubleshooting and ECG Conventional surface ECG can reveal the following types of pacemaker dysfunction: Failure to capture (FTC) , which means that the…

…not sense depolarization outside these boundaries, which may lead to undersensing of true intrinsic activity and thus inappropriate pacemaker activity. As discussed in the previous…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation A systematic approach to ECG interpretation: an efficient and safe method The ECG must always be interpreted systematically. Failure to…

…management and, in appropriate patients, selection of glucose lowering therapies with demonstrated cardiovascular effects. Diabetes may also contribute to arrhythmogenesis through diabetic neuropathy and adverse…

…pulmonary, and aortic angiography can achieve less than 5 mSv in appropriate settings. Clinical Presentation and Indications CCTA is relevant to several clinical presentations. Stable…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Emergency medicine Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Bradycardia encompasses a spectrum of rhythm disturbances characterized by an inappropriately slow heart rate. Within…

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and pathophysiology Primary aldosteronism (PA), also termed primary hyperaldosteronism or Conn syndrome, comprises disorders in which aldosterone secretion is inappropriately increased…

…confuse these elevations and depressions with those caused by STEMI (STE ACS). Indeed, several studies have shown that the majority of patients inappropriately referred to…