…concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)…

…changes, including ST segment elevations, ST segment depressions, and T wave inversions. These overlapping features frequently lead to confusion between LBBB and acute STEMI. In…

…treatments for inappropriate sinus tachycardia, patients frequently benefit from obtaining a diagnosis, because it justifies their symptoms (treatment alternatives are discussed below). ECG in sinus…

…block in the AV node is high grade. Causes of tachyarrhythmia with narrow QRS complexes (QRS duration < 0.12 s): sinus tachycardia, inappropriate sinus…

…atrial rate (beats/min)? P waves should precede every QRS complex and the P wave should be positive in lead II. Common findings Sinus rhythm …

…points in the epicardial coronary arteries. Early lesions may undergo positive or compensatory remodelling, in which the vessel enlarges outward before a major reduction in…

…as ventricular tachyarrhythmia and trigger inappropriate antitachycardia treatment unless detection and therapy are disabled. Conversely, asynchronous pacing may rarely result in pacing during ventricular repolarization…

…has not been shown to reduce stroke risk, and detection may lead to inappropriate anxiety and invasive procedures. Symptomatic disease Symptoms of carotid disease include…

…based on a retrospective subgroup analysis in which a survival benefit was observed. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia Treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia begins with assessment and…

…diuretic appropriate for kidney function. In patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 30 mL/min/1.73 m², an adequately up titrated loop…