…electrolyte disorders 1. Sodium Increased (hypernatremia) and decreased (hyponatremia) sodium levels do not have any effect on the ECG, nor cardiac rhythm, or impulse conduction…

…seconds). The QRS complex is wide simply because the ectopic impulses that cause these rhythms spread partially or entirely outside of the ventricular conduction system…

…EAT, or atrial tachycardia) arises when an ectopic focus within the atria generates electrical impulses at a rate exceeding that of the sinoatrial (SA) node…

Cardiology Substance : Adenosine Brand names : Adenocor Mechanism of action Adenosine works by slowing down the impulse transmission through the atrioventricular (AV) node, thereby interfering with…

…branch block. Commonly, the premature atrial impulse arrives before one of the bundle branches has repolarized, which leads to a bundle branch block. This type…

…fascicular block, the myocardium without fascicular supply will depend on impulses spreading from other parts of the ventricle (where the fascicle is intact). Figure 1…

…automaticity (refer to Cardiac Electrophysiology). The electrical impulse propagates through the atria via the internodal pathways and Bachmann's bundle, eventually reaching the atrioventricular (AV…

…the ventricles with the same rate. This occurs if ventricular stimulation is set to be triggered by the atrial impulse. Another cause of pacemaker mediated…

…Such pathways may be conductive, such that they can transmit the atrial impulse to the ventricles directly. These pathways are termed accessory pathways (or bundle…

…anatomical or functional dysfunction in the right bundle branch, such that the electrical impulse is blocked. Figure 1 illustrates the components of the ventricular conduction…