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Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral hypoperfusion. Pain, anxiety, urinary retention, hypoxia, drug withdrawal and incorrect blood pressure measurement must be corrected before treatment…

Short and long-term prognostication in cardiac arrest

…less ischemic area), which may receive oxygen from collateral vessels. In cardiac arrest, there is no cerebral perfusion, with an equal degree of hypoxia in…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…coronary syndromes, particularly ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ischemic injury can disrupt the conduction system at any level, producing atrioventricular (AV) or intraventricular blocks. Isolated…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…therapy. I C Symptom relief Symptom Management Recommendation Level of evidence Hypoxia Oxygen is indicated if SaO2 < 90% or PaO2 < 60 mmHg. I…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar About this quick reference This is a practical quick reference for emergency physicians in suspected acute ischaemic stroke. It covers time windows…

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…Hypoxia (hypoxemia) Hyperkalemia. Hyperthermia Increased intracranial pressure Irreversible causes of sinus node dysfunction Age related degenerative disease (fibrosis) Myocardial ischemia/infarction Lesions due to heart…

The 3-phase model of sudden cardiac arrest

…phase are explained by cellular changes in the myocardium. The last phase is multifactorial and caused by global ischemia, acidosis, inflammation, hypoxia, and reperfusion injury…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…occlusion has two immediate effects: Reduced perfusion in the pulmonary circulation, resulting in hypoxia. Reduced preload in the left ventricle and consequently reduced cardiac output…

Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest)

…beta blockers, digitalis). Hypoxia. Myocardial ischemia/infarction. Hyperkalemia. Treatment of sinoatrial arrest/pause Sinus arrest/pause due to increased vagal tone does not necessitate treatment…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…whereas fixed, dilated pupils can signal severe global ischemia or even herniation of the brain stem. Physiological Basis of the Pupillary Reflex in Cardiac Arrest…

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