…gastrointestinal) and resorption (from primary urine), renal failure, small bowel syndrome, parathyroid gland surgery, use of bisphosphonates, excess calcitonin, use of phenytoin, use of phosphate…

…S Ca 2+ 2.6 mmol/L In approximately 90% of cases, hypercalcemia is attributed to primary hyperparathyroidism or neoplastic etiologies. Other causes include immobilization…