…2] . The process initiates with endothelial dysfunction, a state provoked by systemic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, smoking, and turbulent hemodynamic shear stress. This…

…three components: diabetes or hyperglycaemia, ketosis and metabolic acidosis. A very high glucose value is no longer required [1]. Diabetic ketoacidosis, DKA Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state…

…protocol Avoid tight targets in inpatients. Hypoglycaemia on the ward is more dangerous than moderate hyperglycaemia over a few days. Principles Insulin component Function Who…

…hyperinsulinaemia and, with progression, hyperglycaemia and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. These abnormalities initiate self perpetuating metabolic and inflammatory pathways that injure the vasculature, heart and…

…CKD), which itself promotes cardiovascular disease and amplifies cardiovascular and all cause mortality. The excess risk is mediated by the combined effects of hyperglycaemia, hypertension…

…vitamin D. A bisphosphonate with longer treatment and risk factors, according to the guideline Hyperglycaemia Glucose measurement, above all in the afternoon and evening. See…

…seizures coma The symptom threshold varies. After prolonged hyperglycaemia the patient may experience hypoglycaemia like symptoms at a normal glucose. With frequent hypoglycaemia the warning…