…trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and…

…filling pressures. Epidemiology and risk factors HFpEF has reached epidemic proportions, now accounting for over 50% of all incident heart failure cases globally [5] . Registry…

…induced cough is primarily clinical and relies on the temporal association of the cough with the medication. Specific diagnostic criteria for cough hypersensitivity syndrome are…

…ACC), The European Society for Cardiology (ESC), and the American Heart Association (AHA) have recommended that there should be universal adoption of the Cabrera format…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…heart failure with preserved ejection fraction—and chronic kidney disease. After approximately 70 years of age, isolated systolic hypertension accounts for more than 90% of…

…risk, access to care, clinical assessment and treatment. These influences are particularly important because women have historically been perceived as being at lower cardiovascular risk…

…cardiopulmonary conditions account for approximately 5% of presentations in some populations. Despite this relatively low prevalence, missed myocardial infarction remains consequential, and historically 2–6…

…infarction related to restenosis following PCI. Both type 4b and 4c MIs meet the clinical criteria for a type 1 MI. Type 5 MI: Represents…

…anatomy and the feasibility of revascularization, determine the clinical significance of imaging findings. Historically, revascularization was considered capable of improving LV systolic function and prognosis…

…in Southeast Asia, where the condition is historically linked to Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS) [4] . The clinical presentation is notoriously heterogeneous, ranging from…

…clinical presentation, bleeding risk, the anticipated need for non cardiac surgery, procedural complexity, and the relative merits of PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG…

…Historically dominated by acute myocardial infarction (MI) survivors, the contemporary risk factor profile is increasingly driven by the global epidemics of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and…

…Classification The clinical spectrum of Acute Coronary Syndromes encompasses Unstable Angina (UA), Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Historically…