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PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…Definition and Pathophysiology Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a hepatic protein that regulates the availability of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant interacting medications The SLCO1B1 rs4149056 polymorphism…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…and formulary availability; check what applies where you work. They assume normal renal and hepatic function, a non pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual…

Renal parameters

…amputees, patients with hepatic cirrhosis — creatinine based eGFR substantially overestimates renal function. Staging of chronic kidney disease Stage eGFR Description : : : G1 ≥ 90 Normal or high…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…and minimal hepatic first pass extraction. Following a single oral dose, plasma concentrations peak within 3 to 6 hours. The agent undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…of cholesterol delivered to the liver. The resulting hepatic response includes increased expression of low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), which enhances removal of circulating LDL…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…particularly coronary artery disease (CAD). FH results from pathogenic variants affecting proteins in the hepatic LDL receptor pathway. Reduced cellular uptake and clearance of LDL…

Inclisiran and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Agents

…hepatocytes. Reduced hepatic PCSK9 synthesis decreases circulating PCSK9, increases the availability of hepatic low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) receptors at the cell surface, and…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…inhibit hepatic 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis produces a compensatory increase in hepatic…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…women or five for men on one occasion. Pharmacokinetics and pathophysiology Approximately 95% of ingested ethanol undergoes hepatic metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde…

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