…stenosis. Diagnostics Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Monitoring An ECG should be performed if there is suspicion of syncope due to an arrhythmia or underlying cardiac disease…

…underlying etiology is hypertension. Ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral artery is occluded due to local atherothrombosis or occlusion due to embolization. Approximately 30% of…

…driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, primarily due to its association with ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. The contemporary understanding of AF has evolved…

…except that interventions to reoxygenate the patient is of paramount importance. In cardiac arrest due to asphyxia, the probability of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC…

…the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed safer than using a needle due to reduced risk of injury. Thoracostomy should be performed…

…a dose of 30 ml/kg. Should fluid resuscitation fail to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) above 65 mmHg, consider the initiation of vasopressor…

…Due to a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents. As an idiosyncratic response to…

…in hemorrhage within the pericardium. Ventricular rupture : A transmural infarction can cause a rupture in the left ventricular free wall. Mediastinal trauma : Penetrating injuries to…

…Erythematosus (SLE) Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Post infarction (including Dressler syndrome) Uremia Radiation to the heart Trauma Tuberculousis Neoplasms (cancer) Post cardiac surgery (hemorrhagic pericarditis)…

…traumatic aortic injury. In classic dissection, an intimal tear permits blood to enter the diseased aortic media. Blood then propagates along the wall, creating a…