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ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only…

ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers

…QT (QTc) interval May be prolonged. Arrhythmia Flecainide may induce Brugada syndrome in individuals with underlying genetic susceptibility. If ECG changes consistent with Brugada syndrome…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease…

Cardiac amyloidosis

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Clinical Red Flags Raising Suspicion of Cardiac Amyloidosis Demographic and Clinical Context Cardiac amyloidosis should be suspected in patients older…

Coronary Anomalies and Myocardial Bridging

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and classification Coronary anomalies are congenital abnormalities involving the origin, course, distribution, or termination of the coronary arteries. They…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…Reduced cellular uptake and clearance of LDL leads to increased circulating LDL C. The principal genetic mechanisms involve: Loss of function variants in the LDL…

ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions J wave syndromes: early repolarization pattern, Brugada syndrome, hypercalcemia and hypothermia The J wave – also referred to as Osborn's…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…by numerous local and systemic disorders. Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space may lead to increased intrapericardial pressure, which in turn affects ventricular relaxation…

Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

…retrosternal chest pain in acute pericarditis is very similar to that in STEMI. The combination of retrosternal chest pain and ST elevation on ECG explains…

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy)

…acute condition. Much research has been devoted to it in recent years. Most cases (70%) of takotsubo cardiomyopathy occur in situations with extreme stress, such…

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