…to measure the QT interval Measurement of the QT interval may be difficult due to T wave changes. Causes of prolonged QTc duration Antiarrhythmics (procainamide…

…of the QRS complex around the isoelectric line. Most patients display QTc 500 ms during sinus rhythm. TdP is typically initiated by a long short…

…of the QRS complex around the isoelectric line. Most patients display QTc 500 ms during sinus rhythm. TdP is typically initiated by a long short…

CPR It is commonly stated that approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests are caused by acute or chronic coronary artery disease, with the latter being…

…Irradiation. Trauma. The most common cause of pericardial effusion is pericarditis. Because it is difficult to determine if there is also myocarditis (which is frequent)…

…roots of the great vessels are contained (Figure 1). The pericardial sac encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid. Numerous conditions may cause inflammation…

…circulating LDL C. The principal genetic mechanisms involve: Loss of function variants in the LDL receptor gene, LDLR, which account for most cases. Variants in…

…V5, V6) and inferior (II, aVF and III) leads. There are four principal causes of J waves, namely hypothermia, Brugada syndrome, early repolarization and hypercalcemia…

…genetic mechanisms underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are complicated and some gene variants may only cause hypertrophy under certain loading conditions (i.e in the presence of…

…cardiomyopathy, which confers only slightly elevated risk of ventricular arrhythmias (Almeida et al). Genes and DCM Approximately 40% of all cases of DCM are genetic…