…malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte…

…delivered by the pulse generator can be calculated as follows: I = V/R Given that voltage (V) is constant and battery depletion must be…

…consist of an implantable pulse generator (IPG) , which contains the electronics, a battery , and one or two leads . The pulse generator generates the electric current…

…interrogation and reprogramming are warranted in higher risk circumstances, particularly for pacing dependent patients, patients with CRT, and ICD recipients undergoing procedures likely to generate…

…image are drawn with varying shades of one color (usually gray). This is possible because the vibrations in the piezoelectric crystals, and thus the electric…

…a piezoelectric crystal, it starts to vibrate and these vibrations generate sound waves with frequencies between 1.5 and 8 MHz (i.e ultrasound). Thus…

…pressure control. Mechanism of action Nitroprusside provides nitric oxide (NO) that induces vasodilatation of both arterioles and veins via generation of cyclic GMP, which then…

…approximately 20–50%. Their greater analytical sensitivity improves diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Cardiac troponin is…

…response. The ECG in ectopic atrial rhythm and atrial tachycardia A regular rhythm with P waves that differ in contour from sinus P waves. If…

…mass), second (time), ampere (electric current) and Kelvin (temperature). This system is recommended globally. Amplitude Amplitude describes the strength of the sound waves, which corresponds…