…in functions to calibrate the stimulus amplitude and width according to myocardial excitability. This is done by repeatedly stimulating with gradually decreasing amounts of energy…

…predominant cause, accounting for approximately 60% of HFrEF cases in Western populations [14] . Non ischemic etiologies encompass a highly heterogeneous group of disorders. Idiopathic dilated…

…insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Preeclampsia Preterm delivery Gestational diabetes Small for gestational age delivery Placental abruption Pregnancy loss Polycystic ovary syndrome Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea…

…contributes to the extension and severity of ischemic injury. In its most severe form, known as no reflow, structural and functional impairments sustain vascular obstruction…

…Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant…

…PhD University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden References Jervell A, Lange Nielsen F. Congenital deaf mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the…

…coronary disorders. The investigation should be undertaken when its diagnostic or therapeutic consequences are likely to outweigh procedural risks. This balance forms part of shared…

…depends on functional assessment. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is characterized invasively by reduced CFR and increased microvascular resistance, measured by the index of microcirculatory resistance…

…Coronary vasomotor disorders may involve epicardial spasm or abnormalities of the coronary microcirculation. Microvascular angina reflects myocardial ischaemia caused by structural or functional microvascular abnormalities…

…Identification of PAD also provides an opportunity to recognise atherosclerosis in other arterial territories and to initiate secondary prevention. Clinical assessment should include functional status…