Articles & courses

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Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…Association (NYHA) classification. The source material specifically frames many pharmacological recommendations for patients with symptomatic NYHA class II–IV HFrEF. Advanced or refractory heart failure…

Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography

…distance from the transducer. Frame rate The two dimensional image must be updated rapidly and continuously in order to obtain a movie. The speed at…

Optimization of the ultrasound image

…overview image the depth is reduced as much as possible. Reducing the depth results in increased frame rate and thus better image resolution. If possible…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…mastering the nuances of anticoagulation requires an intimate understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, which is classically framed by Virchow’s triad: blood stasis, endothelial dysfunction…

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