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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…becomes thinner and the ventricle begins to dilate. Approximately 50% of cases exhibit biventricular cardiomyopathy, although the disease is less pronounced in the left ventricle…

Mitral valve stenosis

…separates the left atrium and the left ventricle. The valve is attached to the mitral annulus , which is continuous with annulus fibrosus (the fibrous ring…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…TCFAs). These vulnerable plaques possess a massive necrotic lipid core and a highly inflamed fibrous cap measuring less than 65 micrometers in thickness. Macrophage derived…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…occurrence and extension. Plaque rupture or erosion leads to thrombus formation and subsequent coronary occlusion. Plaque rupture typically involves a thin, collagen poor fibrous cap…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…lesion thought to be susceptible to disruption and thrombosis. Typical features include a lipid rich core, a thin fibrous cap, macrophage and foam cell accumulation…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…Plaques that are particularly prone to rupture characteristically contain: a large lipid rich core; abundant foam cells and macrophages; a thin fibrous cap; positive remodelling…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

…fibrous cap thickness, thrombus, stent struts, tissue prolapse, and strut coverage. OCT has limited tissue penetration, generally approximately 1–3 mm, and may not show…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…driven by an imbalance between matrix synthesis and degradation. Histologically, a vulnerable plaque is defined by a fibrous cap thickness of less than 65 μ…

The PR Interval & PR segment

…from each other by the fibrous rings ( anulus fibrosus). However, some people have an additional (also called accessory) connection between the atria and the ventricles…

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