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Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…main clinical rule Two questions determine the initial management: 1. Does the patient have severe neurological symptoms that may be due to the hyponatraemia? 2…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…the plaque through the disrupted surface. Type 2 MI: Attributed to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, without the presence of acute atherothrombosis…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…The discrepancy between traditional figures and recent studies is due to the dramatic decrease in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes over the past decades…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…on the bowel must be taken into account). Known allergy to the preparation — rare; itching and urticaria are usually due to histamine release, not allergy…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…or with continued glucose administration adapted to the cause. 8. Identify drugs, renal failure, alcohol, a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating factor…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…or requiring termination earlier due to hemodynamic collapse [4] . Sustained VT is a medical emergency that universally warrants acute intervention and long term secondary prevention…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…hospital episode in international studies and is linked to substantial mortality, even though incidence and prognosis vary widely between patient groups and care settings [2…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…cardiac arrest due to external causes ( Kitamura et al). References DeBehnke DJ, Hilander SJ, Dobler DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood…

Traumatic cardiac arrest

…many instances. Cardiac tamponade : Tamponade in trauma patients is due to blood accumulation in the pericardial sack. This impairs atrial and ventricular filling, such that…

Short and long-term prognostication in cardiac arrest

…mostly due to acute myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, and in these cases, the likelihood of ROSC is higher as compared to other etiologies and…

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