Renitec Enalapril Sandoz ACE inhibitor Prodrug hydrolysed to enalaprilat. Reduces mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction — the effect is dose-dependent, and underdosing…

…20–30 minutes after the infusion ends, it is useful in patients where beta-blockade is desirable but risky — impending heart failure, obstructive lung disease…

…benefit in heart failure (CHARM), and the first choice when an ACE inhibitor must be switched due to cough. The target dose in heart failure…

…with protamine within minutes. This is why unfractionated heparin is the first choice in severe renal failure, in the bleeding-prone patient, and when surgery…

…role belongs to phenoxymethylpenicillin — but for treatment failure, recurrent otitis, otitis with concurrent purulent conjunctivitis, and as a suspension alternative in pneumonia in young children…

…and the easiest calcium channel blocker to use: once-daily dosing, a half-life of almost two days, and no dose adjustment in renal impairment…

…blockers, with documented mortality benefit in heart failure from CIBIS-II. Bioavailability is close to 90 % and elimination is equally shared between liver and kidney…

…reduced heart failure events regardless of ejection fraction in EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved, and slowed renal function decline down to eGFR 20 in EMPA…

…curve, not a line: below the threshold nothing happens, and in renal failure the threshold dose must be raised to achieve any effect at all.

…extends well beyond the diabetes indication. DAPA-HF demonstrated reduced cardiovascular death and worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, DELIVER showed equivalent benefit with…

…with the most unfavourable cardiovascular profile in the class — the increase in risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure resembles that of selective COX…

Procoralan Ivabradine Accord Selective If-channel inhibitor in the sinus node The only drug that reduces heart rate without affecting contractility, blood pressure, or conduction…