…Accord Selective If-channel inhibitor in the sinus node The only drug that reduces heart rate without affecting contractility, blood pressure, or conduction — it inhibits…

…ACE inhibitor Prodrug hydrolysed to enalaprilat. Reduces mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction — the effect is dose-dependent, and underdosing is more often…

…in the loop of Henle. The dose–response relationship is a threshold curve, not a line: below the threshold nothing happens, and in renal failure…

…role belongs to phenoxymethylpenicillin — but for treatment failure, recurrent otitis, otitis with concurrent purulent conjunctivitis, and as a suspension alternative in pneumonia in young children…

…with the most unfavourable cardiovascular profile in the class — the increase in risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure resembles that of selective COX…

…reduced heart failure events regardless of ejection fraction in EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved, and slowed renal function decline down to eGFR 20 in EMPA…

…unfractionated heparin is the first choice in severe renal failure, in the bleeding-prone patient, and when surgery or thrombolysis may become necessary at short…

…no clinically significant negative inotropic effect and can therefore be used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction when blood pressure or angina requires it…

…most β₁-selective of the routinely used beta-blockers, with documented mortality benefit in heart failure from CIBIS-II. Bioavailability is close to 90 % and…

…benefit in heart failure (CHARM), and the first choice when an ACE inhibitor must be switched due to cough. The target dose in heart failure…

…reduced EF, and DAPA-CKD demonstrated slowed renal function decline and reduced mortality in chronic kidney disease with albuminuria, with or without diabetes. The dose…

…20–30 minutes after the infusion ends, it is useful in patients where beta-blockade is desirable but risky — impending heart failure, obstructive lung disease…