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Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…The population impact of a risk factor depends not only on the relative risk associated with exposure but also on how common the exposure is…

Chronic Kidney Disease as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor

…used as a filtration marker. CKD is one of the strongest independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular mortality. Cardiovascular risk rises progressively…

The chain of survival in sudden cardiac arrest

CPR Time is the most critical factor for survival in cardiac arrest. Life saving interventions must be initiated momentarily to maximize the probability of survival…

Hypertension: Initial Combination Therapy and Drug Selection

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Therapeutic Rationale Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and contributes to microvascular and macrovascular complications. It…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…to bleeding and alcohol use. A high bleeding risk score should prompt correction of modifiable risk factors and closer surveillance; it does not, by itself…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…disease, including those recovering from myocardial infarction. It extends beyond exercise training to incorporate individualized physical activity counselling, risk factor modification, nutritional care, education, psychosocial…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…accumulation of adipose tissue. It is an important cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cardiovascular risk factor clustering, disability and premature mortality. Cardiovascular conditions associated with…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…Currently, opioid overdose stands as a predominant etiological factor for cardiac arrest within this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to…

Deceased donor organ donation

…service is to give effect to the deceased person's wishes, not to persuade anyone. This article describes the process as it is regulated in…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…assessment [1]. Treat immediately when there are symptoms and a low glucose. Do not wait for the venous laboratory result. 1. Assess and stabilise the…

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