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Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…when the sinus rate is extremely low—such as less than 40 to 50 beats per minute in the first 4 to 6 hours after…

Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes

…Cardiac troponin levels are extremely low in healthy subjects; the 99 th percentile is less than a few nanograms per liter of blood (typically <5…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…with a worse prognosis than termination due to chest pain. Leg fatigue Leg fatigue is particularly pronounced on bicycle, and less pronounced on the treadmill…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…mass. Waist circumference and the waist to hip ratio provide additional information about visceral adiposity and may correlate more closely with outcomes than BMI, particularly…

Introduction to cardiac arrest

…low flow time, patient preferences, patient background, and the decision to initiate CPR is often ambiguous. Since the risk of attempting CPR is extremely low…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…should not be used. Specific dosing adjustments are required in certain patient populations: Pediatric patients: For patients weighing less than 50 kg, the dosing should…

🟠 BMI and Body Surface Area (BSA) calculator

…The World Health Organization defines BMI categories as follows: Underweight : Less than 18.5 Normal weight : 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight : 25 to 29…

ECG parameters

…mm) to 100 ms. Intervals and durations QTc — decision thresholds At a QTc above 500 ms: stop QT prolonging drugs, correct the potassium to 4…

Cardiac amyloidosis

…Amyloidosis Demographic and Clinical Context Cardiac amyloidosis should be suspected in patients older than 65 years presenting with heart failure and increased left ventricular (LV…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…For patients with bundle branch blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. The QT interval represents the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and…

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