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Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…rate dependent prolongation of the A H interval, frequently manifesting as transient first , second , or third degree AV nodal block lasting up to a few…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…Computed Tomography), radiotracers emit gamma photons directly. These gamma rays are detected by gamma cameras to create tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET…

🟠 Inotropes and Vasopressors

…unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of…

Inotropes and Vasopressors: Doses, indications, contraindications and effects

…unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of…

🟠 ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score

…risk 5 or more 5.8% Interpretation of ATRIA risk score. Comparison with other bleeding risk models Several bleeding risk assessment tools exist for patients…

Torsades de Pointes: Definition, Characteristics, and Management

…extensive list of "torsadegenic" or "QT liability" drugs. This includes Class III antiarrhythmic agents such as quinidine, sotalol, and dofetilide, as well as numerous noncardiac…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…hypertension with or without left ventricular hypertrophy. Among patients with NSTE ACS undergoing angiography, approximately 10% have no critical epicardial stenosis. In some of these…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…risk of intracranial malposition of the tube) or coagulopathy (risk of bleeding). An advanced airway (tracheal tube, supraglottic airway) should be established as early as…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…loss of myocardial cells, which are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. This process begins in the epicardium and gradually moves towards the endocardium. As…

Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes

…The URL is the upper normal limit of troponin in a normal (healthy) population. It is defined as the 99 th percentile in healthy subjects…

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