Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Congestion is a central expression of the heart failure syndrome and reflects excessive retention of sodium and water, with…

…Definition and pathophysiology Obesity is a chronic, relapsing and biologically complex disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. It is an important cause of…

…Catapress TTS 3 (0.3 mg/24hrs) Dosage in renal failure and renal replacement therapy: Dose as in normal renal function Adverse effects Excessive sedation…

…occurred in 10–15% during the first year. The dominant mechanism was excessive intimal hyperplasia within the stent. Restenosis was more likely with: Small reference…

…Recognised causes include: Diabetes and insulin resistance Thyroid disease Kidney disease Excessive alcohol consumption Diets high in carbohydrate or fat Glucocorticoids Beta blockers Oestrogen therapy…

…potential prolongation exhibits reverse use dependence, meaning the repolarization time is extended to a greater degree at slower heart rates. Sotalol does not significantly alter…

…rupture with tamponade, and less common causes such as severe pre existing valvular disease or excessive beta blocker or calcium channel blocker exposure. The incidence…

…oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need for ventilatory support . At the same time, exacerbation is a clinical syndromic diagnosis…

…severe DKA Cognitive impairment is more common, particularly at very high osmolality Blood ketones are preferable to urine ketones. The principal ketone body in DKA…

…context. 1. Rhythm Check Is the ventricular rate regular at 50–100 beats/min? Is there a P wave in front of every ventricular complex…