…episodes Iatrogenic events (e.g., during central venous catheter insertion) Underlying lung pathologies In cases of benign pneumothorax, positive pressure ventilation can precipitate a tension…

…dangerous and benign causes. Ask primarily how the symptoms began, whether they are continuous or episodic, how long an attack lasts, and whether anything actually…

…intima, and thrombus formation. Atherosclerosis is therefore not simply a disorder of lipid storage. Its biology includes: accumulation and modification of lipids within the intima…

…they may be categorized according to whether they are: Not associated with ischaemia Associated with episodic ischaemia Associated with obligatory ischaemia Anomalies may involve the…

…persistent or episodic and may not follow a classical pattern of stable exertional angina. Vasospastic angina should be suspected when patients have repetitive episodes of…

…persistent, long standing persistent and permanent—and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central therapeutic objective is…

…AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine value alone but by the course, urine output, volume…

…de pointes . ECG showing an episode of sinus rhythm (with multiple ventricular premature beats) spontaneously converting to Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia. Notice how arterial…

…repolarisation, thereby facilitating reentry. Episodes of TdP are frequently pause dependent, initiated by either a slowing of the heart rate or a PVC induced pause…

…therefore heterogeneous. Irreversibly scarred regions may alternate with viable segments that are dysfunctional because of repeated ischemic episodes or chronic reductions in perfusion. The amount…