…episodes Iatrogenic events (e.g., during central venous catheter insertion) Underlying lung pathologies In cases of benign pneumothorax, positive pressure ventilation can precipitate a tension…

…dangerous and benign causes. Ask primarily how the symptoms began, whether they are continuous or episodic, how long an attack lasts, and whether anything actually…

… neovascularization and intraplaque haemorrhage; calcification and remodelling; episodic plaque disruption followed by thrombosis. Atherosclerotic disease usually evolves over decades. Intimal thickening may be present during…

…be categorized according to whether they are: Not associated with ischaemia Associated with episodic ischaemia Associated with obligatory ischaemia Anomalies may involve the coronary ostium…

…persistent or episodic and may not follow a classical pattern of stable exertional angina. Vasospastic angina should be suspected when patients have repetitive episodes of…

…persistent, long standing persistent and permanent—and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central therapeutic objective is…

…for dialysis? AKI occurs in about one fifth of adults during a hospital episode in international studies and is linked to substantial mortality, even though…

…de pointes . ECG showing an episode of sinus rhythm (with multiple ventricular premature beats) spontaneously converting to Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia. Notice how arterial…

…repolarisation, thereby facilitating reentry. Episodes of TdP are frequently pause dependent, initiated by either a slowing of the heart rate or a PVC induced pause…

…therefore heterogeneous. Irreversibly scarred regions may alternate with viable segments that are dysfunctional because of repeated ischemic episodes or chronic reductions in perfusion. The amount…