…is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction, immune cell recruitment, extracellular matrix remodelling, and thrombosis interact…

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pathological Q waves are evidence of myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction – particularly if extensive in size – typically manifests with pathological Q waves…

…or diuretic induced, but it is absent in most diagnosed patients. Reliance on hypokalaemia alone therefore misses a substantial proportion of cases. The cardiorenal and…

…on the ECG are assessed: Normalization (return) of ST segment elevations Rapid T wave inversion Normalization (return) of ST segment elevations Successful reperfusion results in…

…100–250 beats per minute) and cardiac output is affected (i.e reduced) in virtually all cases. Ventricular tachycardia causes immense strain on the ventricular…

…tachycardia (VT) emerges. As evident, ventricular tachycardia may appear more polymorphic in one lead (the upper lead). ECG 2 . Although the signal in the upper…

…imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG)…

…descriptions emerged at the dawn of the 20th century, widespread acceptance was delayed, partly due to autopsy studies demonstrating an absence of coronary thrombi in…

…the Framingham Heart Study, this linear correction formula adjusts the QT interval based on heart rate without involving square or cube roots. It has been…

…a distinct "cough hypersensitivity syndrome" has emerged, emphasizing the putative role of sensitized sensory nerve endings and afferent neural pathways in causing chronic refractory cough…