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Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…coronary syndromes with significant ST segment elevations are classified as STE ACS . Virtually all cases of STE ACS lead to myocardial infarction (elevated troponin levels)…

Coronary Artery Disease

…occlusion of the coronary artery. NSTE ACS results in one of the following diagnoses: Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI, non STEMI) , if troponin levels…

Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management

…occlusion of the coronary artery. NSTE ACS results in one of the following diagnoses: Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI, non STEMI) , if troponin levels…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…99th percentile in a healthy population. Troponin levels higher than the 99th percentile of a normal population are considered elevated (abnormal). Criteria for elevated troponins:…

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy)

…function and catecholamine toxicity. The latter theory is corroborated by the finding that 75% of patients have increased plasma levels of catecholamines. References A recent…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…can be utilized for the analysis of electrolyte levels. Electrocardiography (ECG) serves as a valuable tool for detecting and assessing the severity of electrolyte disturbances…

Left Bundle Branch Block: ECG criteria and clinical implications

…Prognosis and Survival The presence of LBBB has several implications for patient outcomes: Mortality in STEMI : Patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and…

Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

…that in STEMI. The combination of retrosternal chest pain and ST elevation on ECG explains why clinicians often confuse acute pericarditis and STEMI. This is…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…is driven principally by lifelong LDL C elevation and may be discovered through: Routine lipid testing showing severe hypercholesterolaemia. A personal history of premature CAD…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…concentrations and may increase the risk of simvastatin related myopathy. Some Asian populations, including Japanese, Chinese and Malay patients, may have higher statin blood levels…

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