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🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…blood pressure alone. Predictive Value : Elevated MAP has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, and mortality. Stability : MAP readings…

Blood Pressure Targets in Older and Frail Adults

…patients, especially when baseline blood pressure is not markedly elevated. These apparent J shaped associations are considered unreliable for guiding treatment because of potential confounding…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…from blood pressure reduction may also occur in selected people whose pressure is elevated but below the conventional hypertension threshold. The traditional diagnostic threshold of…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…Whether hypertension is genuinely present Factors that may be contributing to elevated blood pressure Other cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated…

Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities centred on abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose regulation. Diagnosis is based on the coexistence of…

🟠 Hypertensive emergency (crisis) - Drugs, doses & management

…malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of…

Resistant Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment

…increase blood pressure; or An undiagnosed secondary cause of hypertension. White coat hypertension must be excluded with out of office measurements. Objective assessment of adherence…

Hypertensive emergency (crisis)

…malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…deliver blood at a rate appropriate to tissue requirements unless filling pressures are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion…

Hypertension: Initial Combination Therapy and Drug Selection

…is an essential component of care. In adults with elevated blood pressure, nonpharmacological management should be actively implemented. Adults with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg…

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