…greater afterload and consequently increasing diastolic pressure), sarcomere structure, the composition of extracellular matrix (extracellular fibrosis reduces compliance), pericardial status, etc . Diastolic Dysfunction and Diastoli

…is the result of diminishing ATP concentration in the myocardium. ATP depletion results in cellular dysfunction and renders the defibrillation ineffective. The likelihood of successful…

…to dysfunction in the conduction system. The J point and the ST segment The ST segment corresponds to the plateau phase (phase 2) of the…

…ECG Conventional surface ECG can reveal the following types of pacemaker dysfunction: Failure to capture (FTC) , which means that the pacemaker stimulations do not result…

Cardiology The ischemic cascade The ischemic cascade describes the sequence of events during myocardial ischemia, beginning with perfusion abnormalities and ultimately leading to chest pain…

…diseases Cardiovascular effects of COVID 19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has caused a global public health crisis. It is believed that the virus was…

…lesion specific and largely independent of resting hemodynamics; guideline reference standard. Requires pressure wire + vasodilator (cost, time, patient discomfort); falsely normal in microvascular dysfunction (diabetes…

…block): definition, causes, diagnosis & management This article covers the fundamental principles of atrioventricular (AV) blocks, which are classified into three types: first degree, second degree…

…factors. Plaque erosion Plaque erosion is increasingly recognized and is present in at least one third of acute coronary syndromes in the cited material. Eroded…

…potentially indicating microvascular dysfunction or other pathologies. The software allows for detailed regional analysis of myocardial perfusion, highlighting specific segments of the left ventricle that…