Jardiance Synjardy Glyxambi SGLT2 inhibitor A diabetes drug now used mostly for reasons other than glucose control. Empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death in type 2 diabetes…

…and the cornerstone of cardiac arrest treatment. The most clinically dangerous property is not pharmacological but practical: two concentrations with a tenfold difference are used…

…and can therefore be used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction when blood pressure or angina requires it. The slow onset makes the drug…

…control sits in the AV node and ivabradine is ineffective. Its place in treatment is the symptomatic patient with HFrEF who remains above 70 beats…

…selective alpha-blocker with onset within minutes and duration under half an hour. A niche drug: catecholamine-induced hypertensive crisis — phaeochromocytoma, cocaine and amphetamine intoxication…

…months require flare prophylaxis because falling urate levels themselves trigger attacks. Two features make this drug dangerous: the hypersensitivity syndrome and the combination with azathioprine.

…the entire explanation for why the drug is ineffective in infranodal block. The effect comes within one minute and fades over an hour or so…

Pradaxa Direct thrombin inhibitor (factor IIa) The only DOAC that directly inhibits thrombin and the only one with a specific, rapidly acting antidote — idarucizumab achieves…

Tambocor Class IC antiarrhythmic A potent sodium channel blocker with marked efficacy on atrial arrhythmias in structurally normal hearts. The CAST trial showed increased mortality…

…antagonist in acute agitation and delirium in Swedish emergency departments and wards, with rapid onset and minimal anticholinergic burden. The drug has two entirely different…

…the drug unsuitable as first-line treatment in hypertensive crisis — but useful in pre-eclampsia and as afterload relief in combination with a nitrate and…

…arrives and resolves quickly, which is an advantage: the drug suits as-needed use and can be discontinued with rapid recovery of renal function and…

…effect. The result is that heart rate rises while systemic vascular resistance and diastolic blood pressure fall, so the drug raises rate but not pressure…

…and depends on noradrenergic and sodium-channel-mediated modulation, not on antidepressant action. What limits treatment is anticholinergic side effects, and what makes the drug…

…maintenance-and-reliever therapy in the same inhaler. The two regimens must never be confused — this is the most common prescribing error with this drug…

…heparin, dalteparin is eliminated renally, so at eGFR below 30 ml/min the effect accumulates and the dose must be adjusted or the drug changed.

…kidney disease with albuminuria, with or without diabetes. The dose is the same — 10 mg once daily — for all indications, making this drug unusually straightforward…

…V2 receptor means it lacks the vasoconstrictive effect of vasopressin. The danger is not the drug itself but the fluid the patient drinks with it.

…placebo. IMPROVE-IT showed that the additional LDL lowering also translates into fewer cardiovascular events, making ezetimibe the first non-statin drug with outcome data.

GlucaGen HypoKit Glucagon Novo Nordisk Baqsimi Ogluo Pancreatic hormone, glycogenolytic agent and inotrope Two entirely different drugs in the same ampoule. In severe hypoglycaemia, 1…

…never a guarantee. The key practical distinction is between the three dose levels: analgesia, procedural sedation, and induction are different drugs in the same ampoule.