…hour. A niche drug: catecholamine-induced hypertensive crisis — phaeochromocytoma, cocaine and amphetamine intoxication, MAO inhibitor crisis — and local treatment of skin necrosis after noradrenaline extravasation.

…20 in EMPA-KIDNEY. The glucose-lowering effect diminishes as eGFR falls, but the cardiorenal effect persists — which is the entire point of the drug.

Adrenalin Stragen EpiPen Jext α- and β-agonist The only drug that reverses all components of anaphylaxis, and the cornerstone of cardiac arrest treatment. The…

…A cornerstone drug for hypertension and stable angina, and the easiest calcium channel blocker to use: once-daily dosing, a half-life of almost two…

…only drug that reduces heart rate without affecting contractility, blood pressure, or conduction — it inhibits the funny current (If) that drives spontaneous depolarisation of the…

…gout, with the goal of titrating upward until serum urate is stably below 360 μmol/l — not setting a fixed dose and leaving it…

…nothing happens, which is the entire explanation for why the drug is ineffective in infranodal block. The effect comes within one minute and fades over…

…in patients who may need emergency surgery. The price is that approximately 80 % of absorbed drug is eliminated renally, so renal function governs treatment entirely…

…in structurally normal hearts. The CAST trial showed increased mortality after myocardial infarction — that boundary remains the most important fact in the drug's history.

…The drug has two entirely different dosing worlds: a few milligrams in acute psychotic agitation in younger patients, and tenths of a milligram in delirium…

…making the drug unsuitable as first-line treatment in hypertensive crisis — but useful in pre-eclampsia and as afterload relief in combination with a nitrate…

…quickly, which is an advantage: the drug suits as-needed use and can be discontinued with rapid recovery of renal function and platelet function. The…

…while systemic vascular resistance and diastolic blood pressure fall, so the drug raises rate but not pressure. Used where rate itself is the problem: bradycardia…

…sodium-channel-mediated modulation, not on antidepressant action. What limits treatment is anticholinergic side effects, and what makes the drug dangerous is cardiotoxicity in overdose.

…maintenance-and-reliever therapy in the same inhaler. The two regimens must never be confused — this is the most common prescribing error with this drug.

…heparin, dalteparin is eliminated renally, so at eGFR below 30 ml/min the effect accumulates and the dose must be adjusted or the drug changed.

…with albuminuria, with or without diabetes. The dose is the same — 10 mg once daily — for all indications, making this drug unusually straightforward to manage.

…the V2 receptor means it lacks the vasoconstrictive effect of vasopressin. The danger is not the drug itself but the fluid the patient drinks with…

…placebo. IMPROVE-IT showed that the additional LDL lowering also translates into fewer cardiovascular events, making ezetimibe the first non-statin drug with outcome data.

GlucaGen HypoKit Glucagon Novo Nordisk Baqsimi Ogluo Pancreatic hormone, glycogenolytic agent and inotrope Two entirely different drugs in the same ampoule. In severe hypoglycaemia, 1…

…never a guarantee. The key practical distinction is between the three dose levels: analgesia, procedural sedation, and induction are different drugs in the same ampoule.