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Warfarin therapy

…fetal bleeding respectively). Marked liver failure with coagulopathy. Severe uncontrolled hypertension. Recent intracranial haemorrhage without a fresh assessment of benefit and risk. An inability to…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…APTT, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, albumin, urea and a blood gas with lactate 5 Give crystalloid in small boluses with frequent reassessment. Give blood…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke history, Bleeding history, Labile INRs, Elderly age ( 65), and Drugs/alcohol. A crucial clinical pitfall is the misapplication of this…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…fatty liver disease. Interpretation of the Agatston Score The score should be interpreted both by its absolute value and in relation to age and sex…

Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…Their respective half lives therefore differ substantially: approximately 20 minutes for BNP and 90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations of the two peptides…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…or a very strong clinical suspicion. 3. Give intravenous calcium in the presence of hyperkalaemic ECG changes or arrhythmia. 4. Shift potassium into the cells…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…driver of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and a major cause of morbidity in patients with structural heart disease, VT necessitates a nuanced, multidisciplinary approach to…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…thrombolysis regimens, renal function thresholds and the division of work between the ambulance service, the emergency department and the PCI laboratory may differ between Swedish…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…syndromes (NSTE ACS). The division into STE ACS and NSTE ACS has profound implications for management and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Moreover…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…8. Document the ceiling of care and the decision on intubation early. Initial assessment Confirm that the presentation fits an exacerbation A COPD exacerbation is…

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