…pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular matrix to circulating blood…

…include hypercontractility or hypersensitivity of coronary vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor stimuli, including adrenergic agonists, leukotrienes, and serotonin. In patients with CAD, endothelial disruption may…

…always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated…

…either symptoms or ECG changes consistent with myocardial infarction/ischemia. Most patients, however, display both ECG changes and symptoms. Troponins and other biomarkers of myocardial…

…or bypass graft Side branch occlusion or thrombus Disruption of collateral flow Distal embolization Stent thrombosis Graft occlusion after CABG No reflow despite removal of…

…thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results from acute coronary atherothrombosis. It is usually precipitated by disruption of…

…context of a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, which is not related to acute coronary atherothrombosis. By definition, acute atherothrombotic plaque disruption is…

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

…minor or reversible injury to extensive necrosis. Causes of myocardial injury Important causes include: Mechanism or clinical setting Examples Acute coronary atherothrombosis Plaque disruption or…

…may be antegrade or, less commonly, retrograde. Distal re entry tears may allow blood to return to the true lumen, whereas disruption of the adventitia…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction mechanical complications are structural disruptions of acutely infarcted myocardium occurring most often during the first days after…

…and nutrient delivery and, when severe or prolonged, produces multiorgan dysfunction and death. In the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), cardiogenic shock most…

…or polypoid intraluminal mass and lesion haziness raise suspicion of thrombus, although haziness is not specific. Intravascular imaging can identify plaque disruption, thrombus and other…

…the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL). The injury is considered acute if there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values. However…

…coronary artery. Non obstructive disease is generally defined as the absence of a stenosis of 50% or more in any potential infarct related artery. MINOCA…

…drinks weekly in females or at least 15 drinks weekly in males, or binge drinking in either sex. Other definitions of unhealthy drinking include at…

…episodic plaque disruption followed by thrombosis. Atherosclerotic disease usually evolves over decades. Intimal thickening may be present during the second and third decades of life…

…JAMA): [...] Of every 10 such victims, the heart in 6 or 7 showed no recent disease in coronary arteries or in heart muscle. In other…

…These disruptions may initiate or complicate the haematoma. IMH most frequently involves the descending thoracic aorta, which is affected in approximately 60%–70% of cases…

…contraindication) . Irregular wide complex tachycardia is most often due to atrial fibrillation with wide QRS complexes due to bundle branch blocks or other conduction defects…

…pressure in the left ventricle. Disturbance in ventricular relaxation results in the disruption of pressure conditions in the left ventricle. Ventricular pressure should drop rapidly…

…The architecture and composition of the atherosclerotic plaque are the primary determinants of its vulnerability to disruption. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques consist of a lipid rich…