…and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury…

…laboratory medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia…

…and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular matrix to circulating blood. Tissue factor within the plaque and…

…pressure in the left ventricle. Disturbance in ventricular relaxation results in the disruption of pressure conditions in the left ventricle. Ventricular pressure should drop rapidly…

…Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Consensus Documents, with the Fourth Universal Definition published in 2018. A fundamental prerequisite for diagnosing any MI is myocardial injury…

…thrombogenic and pro thrombolytic factors determines whether atherothrombosis occurs, and these factors vary from minute to minute. Only a minority of all plaque disruptions resul

…decrease in unstable angina in the past two decades (many of those who would previously have been classified as unstable angina are now classified as…

…is insufficient oxygen available. Insufficient oxygen supply results in diminished ATP production and subsequently disruption of cellular metabolism. In case of ischemia, cardiac myocytes protect…

…episodic plaque disruption followed by thrombosis. Atherosclerotic disease usually evolves over decades. Intimal thickening may be present during the second and third decades of life…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction mechanical complications are structural disruptions of acutely infarcted myocardium occurring most often during the first days after…

…Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as an ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in the context of a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand…

…of endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte and platelet interaction, distal thrombotic debris, cardiomyocyte swelling, interstitial edema, and inflammatory extravascular compression. This impaired tissue perfusion can extend injury…

…hypercontractility or hypersensitivity of coronary vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor stimuli, including adrenergic agonists, leukotrienes, and serotonin. In patients with CAD, endothelial disruption may convert…

…by the gradual accumulation of inert cholesterol debris, modern vascular biology has redefined atherosclerosis as a dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2]…

…g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy. Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical…

…reliably be attributed to acute procedural injury. Even then, it may not be possible to determine precisely how much of the postprocedural increase results from…

…platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation…

…in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), biochemical evidence of myocardial injury with corroborating evidence of infarction caused by ischaemia…

…narrow neck. These findings may reflect plaque disruption or thrombus. A rounded or polypoid intraluminal mass and lesion haziness raise suspicion of thrombus, although haziness…

…or reversible injury to extensive necrosis. Causes of myocardial injury Important causes include: Mechanism or clinical setting Examples Acute coronary atherothrombosis Plaque disruption or erosion…

…These disruptions may initiate or complicate the haematoma. IMH most frequently involves the descending thoracic aorta, which is affected in approximately 60%–70% of cases…

Cardiology Substance : Adenosine Brand names : Adenocor Mechanism of action Adenosine works by slowing down the impulse transmission through the atrioventricular (AV) node, thereby interfering with…