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Mitral regurgitation

…left ventricular dilation, which is referred to as ischemic cardiomyopathy (Dilated Cardiomyopathy). Ventricular dilation leads to dilation of the mitral annulus and papillary muscle displacement…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…in the myocardium. The electrical potential difference exists between ischemic and normal myocardium and it results in displacement of the ST segment. The ST segment…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…develop through papillary muscle displacement, annular dilatation, or both; progressive ventricular remodeling may also occur in primary valvular disease. Increasing severity of mitral regurgitation is…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…In instances of tension pneumothorax, the accumulated pressure can shift the entire mediastinum, manifesting externally as a laryngeal displacement. Etiologies of tension pneumothorax include: Traumatic…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…of chest compressions. Identifying return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Prognostication. Potential reasons for a flat ETCO2 curve include: Ventilator or capnograph not activated. Displacement of…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…reduced, potentially leading to complete obstruction of venous return by the uterus. This can be remedied by manual displacement of the uterus to the left…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…cells. The resulting voltage gradient between normal and ischaemic myocardium generates currents of injury that are expressed on the surface ECG as ST segment displacement…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

…Imaging is therefore typically performed during contrast injection or another method of temporary blood displacement. OCT is particularly useful for: characterizing the surface of atheroma…

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