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Articles
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…consequences include left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, and abnormalities of diastolic filling. Mitral regurgitation may develop through papillary muscle displacement, annular dilatation, or both…

Mitral regurgitation

…dilation of the mitral annulus and papillary muscle displacement (i.e the distance between the papillary muscle and the mitral annulus increases), both of which…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…Clarke RC, Mertes PM, et al. Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of perioperative hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:e3849. Wallmuller…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…and ventilation result in a higher end tidal carbon dioxide level. Continuous ETCO 2 monitoring is possible by means of intubation and ventilation devices equipped…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…and arterial pressures are substantially reduced, potentially leading to complete obstruction of venous return by the uterus. This can be remedied by manual displacement of…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…in the myocardium. The electrical potential difference exists between ischemic and normal myocardium and it results in displacement of the ST segment. The ST segment…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…cells. The resulting voltage gradient between normal and ischaemic myocardium generates currents of injury that are expressed on the surface ECG as ST segment displacement…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

…characterized by angiography. Standard gray scale IVUS demonstrates the principal vessel wall layers and allows quantitative measurements of: minimum and maximum lumen diameter; lumen area…

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