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Mitral regurgitation

…muscle rupture. The risk of rupture is greater for the posteromedial papillary muscle, which only receives blood supply from one coronary artery (Coronary arteries). Chronic…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

…OCT or IVUS may demonstrate plaque rupture, thrombus, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), or another occult structural abnormality. IVUS IVUS generates images by transmitting ultrasound…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…can shorten the time to diagnosis and facilitate triage of patients with suspected ST segment elevation myocardial infarction to a percutaneous coronary intervention capable hospital…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…develop through papillary muscle displacement, annular dilatation, or both; progressive ventricular remodeling may also occur in primary valvular disease. Increasing severity of mitral regurgitation is…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…In instances of tension pneumothorax, the accumulated pressure can shift the entire mediastinum, manifesting externally as a laryngeal displacement. Etiologies of tension pneumothorax include: Traumatic…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…of chest compressions. Identifying return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Prognostication. Potential reasons for a flat ETCO2 curve include: Ventilator or capnograph not activated. Displacement of…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…reduced, potentially leading to complete obstruction of venous return by the uterus. This can be remedied by manual displacement of the uterus to the left…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…in the myocardium. The electrical potential difference exists between ischemic and normal myocardium and it results in displacement of the ST segment. The ST segment…

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