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Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…Post pericardiotomy syndrome. Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free ventricular wall. Neoplasms (particularly breast and lung cancer). Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…The proportion of painless or silent STEMIs is greater in patients with diabetes mellitus and increases with age. STEMI may present as sudden onset breathlessness…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…daytime symptoms suggestive of sleep disordered breathing Hypoventilation Peripheral oedema or venous disease Reduced mobility Osteoarthritis and low back pain Symptoms of type 2 diabetes…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Cardiology Definition and Pathophysiology Vasovagal syncope represents the most common form of neurally mediated syncope (NMS), a disorder of autonomic reflexes. It…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…or sleep disordered breathing Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease Group 5: PH with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms PAH…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar Emergency overview Measure the plasma glucose immediately in everyone with a reduced level of consciousness, seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…rise can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome [1,2]. Hyponatraemia is primarily a disorder of water balance. The plasma sodium reflects the ratio between the body…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…iron deficiency and anaemia, kidney dysfunction, sleep disordered breathing, cancer related disease and cardiac amyloidosis among the relevant clinical settings or comorbidities. HFrEF is distinguished…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…antenatal hypertensive disorders, but it may also arise de novo after delivery. New onset postpartum preeclampsia is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of maternal…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure…

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