…more frequent in this pattern. Endothelial dysfunction may contribute to both microvascular and epicardial vasomotor disorders. Endothelial activation can promote the release of adhesion molecules…

…Definition and clinical concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of acute…

…Assessing the haemodynamic significance of lesions whose angiographic severity is uncertain. Supporting decisions regarding revascularization and, in selected patients, identifying microvascular or vasomotor coronary disorders…

…typically results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis. Idiopathic degeneration (Barlow's disease), degeneration associated with connective tissue disorders (Marfan…

…carotid, vertebral and coronary arteries. In one study cited in the source material, FMD was identified in 86% of patients with SCAD. SCAD should therefore…

…stopping statins. There are three main questions discussed in media, blogs and on social plattforms: Is high cholesterol a true cause of coronary artery disease?…

…Definition and pathophysiology Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a clinical disorder caused by stenosis or occlusion of the aorta or arteries supplying the limbs. In…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

…used for an initial assessment of pH and the metabolic component, but it should not be regarded as fully interchangeable with an arterial sample [3]…

…lipid, or BP disorders Pregnancy Established ASCVD includes previous acute coronary syndrome, chronic coronary syndromes, coronary revascularization, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial disease…